##ciekawa_strona##
Compare Brunei (2001) - Western Sahara (2003)
Compare Brunei (2001) z Western Sahara (2003)
| Brunei (2001) | Western Sahara (2003) | |
 |  | |
| Administrative divisions | 4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei and Muara, Temburong, Tutong | none (under de facto control of Morocco) |
| Age structure | 0-14 years:
30.77% (male 53,977; female 51,772) 15-64 years: 66.52% (male 121,601; female 107,007) 65 years and over: 2.71% (male 4,449; female 4,847) (2001 est.) |
0-14 years: NA%
15-64 years: NA% 65 years and over: NA% (2003 est.) |
| Agriculture - products | rice, vegetables, fruits, chickens, water buffalo | fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads) |
| Airports | 2 (2000 est.) | 11 (2002) |
| Airports - with paved runways | total:
1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2002) |
| Airports - with unpaved runways | total:
1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2000 est.) |
total: 8
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2002) |
| Area | total:
5,770 sq km land: 5,270 sq km water: 500 sq km |
total: 266,000 sq km
land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km |
| Area - comparative | slightly smaller than Delaware | about the size of Colorado |
| Background | The Sultanate of Brunei's heyday occurred between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Brunei subsequently entered a period of decline brought on by internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. Brunei benefits from extensive petroleum and natural gas fields, the source of one of the highest per capita GDPs in the less developed countries. The same family has now ruled in Brunei for over six centuries. | Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed. |
| Birth rate | 20.45 births/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA births/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Budget | revenues:
$2.5 billion expenditures: $2.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $1.35 billion (1997 est.) |
revenues: $NA
expenditures: $NA, including capital expenditures of $NA |
| Capital | Bandar Seri Begawan | none |
| Climate | tropical; hot, humid, rainy | hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew |
| Coastline | 161 km | 1,110 km |
| Constitution | 29 September 1959 (some provisions suspended under a State of Emergency since December 1962, others since independence on 1 January 1984) | - |
| Country name | conventional long form:
Negara Brunei Darussalam conventional short form: Brunei |
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara |
| Currency | Bruneian dollar (BND) | Moroccan dirham (MAD) |
| Death rate | 3.38 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.) | NA deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.) |
| Debt - external | $0 | $NA |
| Diplomatic representation from the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Sylvia Gaye STANFIELD embassy: Third Floor, Teck Guan Plaza, Jalan Sultan, Bandar Seri Begawan mailing address: PSC 470 (BSB), FPO AP 96507 telephone: [673] (2) 229670 FAX: [673] (2) 225293 |
none |
| Diplomatic representation in the US | chief of mission:
Ambassador Pengiran Anak Dato Haji PUTEH Ibni Mohammad Alam chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 342-0159 FAX: [1] (202) 342-0158 |
none |
| Disputes - international | possibly involved in a complex dispute over the Spratly Islands with China, Malaysia, Philippines, Taiwan, and Vietnam; in 1984, Brunei established an exclusive fishing zone that encompasses Louisa Reef in the southern Spratly Islands, but has not publicly claimed the island | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, but sovereignty remains unresolved; UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties have rejected other proposals; Mauritanian claims to Western Sahara have been dormant in recent years; Morocco allowed Spanish fishermen to fish temporarily off the coast of Western Sahara after an oil spill soiled Spanish fishing grounds |
| Economic aid - recipient | $4.3 million (1995) | $NA |
| Economy - overview | This small, wealthy economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic entrepreneurship, government regulation and welfare measures, and village tradition. Exports of crude oil and natural gas account for over half of GDP. Per capita GDP is far above most other Third World countries, and substantial income from overseas investment supplements income from domestic production. The government provides for all medical services and subsidizes rice and housing. Brunei's leaders are concerned that steadily increased integration in the world economy will undermine internal social cohesion although it became a more prominent player by serving as chairman for the 2000 APEC (Asian Pacific Economic Cooperation) forum. Plans for the future include upgrading the labor force, reducing unemployment, strengthening the banking and tourist sectors, and, in general, a further widening of the economic base beyond oil and gas. | Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. Incomes and standards of living in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level. |
| Electricity - consumption | 2.274 billion kWh (1999) | 83.7 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - exports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - imports | 0 kWh (1999) | 0 kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production | 2.445 billion kWh (1999) | 90 million kWh (2001) |
| Electricity - production by source | fossil fuel:
100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (1999) |
fossil fuel: 100%
hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2001) |
| Elevation extremes | lowest point:
South China Sea 0 m highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m |
lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m
highest point: unnamed location 463 m |
| Environment - current issues | seasonal smoke/haze resulting from forest fires in Indonesia | sparse water and lack of arable land |
| Environment - international agreements | party to:
Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
party to: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements |
| Ethnic groups | Malay 67%, Chinese 15%, indigenous 6%, other 12% | Arab, Berber |
| Exchange rates | Bruneian dollars per US dollar - 1.7365 (January 2001), 1.7240 (2000), 1.6950 (1999), 1.6736 (1998), 1.4848 (1997), 1.4100 (1996); note - the Bruneian dollar is at par with the Singapore dollar | Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 11.584 (2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.626 (2000), 9.804 (1999), 9.604 (1998), 9.527 (1997) |
| Executive branch | chief of state:
Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967); note - the monarch is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Council of Cabinet Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch; deals with executive matters; note - there is also a Religious Council (members appointed by the monarch) that advises on religious matters, a Privy Council (members appointed by the monarch) that deals with constitutional matters, and the Council of Succession (members appointed by the monarch) that determines the succession to the throne if the need arises elections: none; the monarch is hereditary |
none |
| Exports | $2.55 billion (f.o.b., 1999 est.) | NA (2001) |
| Exports - commodities | crude oil, natural gas, refined products | phosphates 62% |
| Exports - partners | Japan 42%, US 17%, South Korea 14%, Thailand 3% (1999) | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts |
| Fiscal year | calendar year | calendar year |
| Flag description | yellow with two diagonal bands of white (top, almost double width) and black starting from the upper hoist side; the national emblem in red is superimposed at the center; the emblem includes a swallow-tailed flag on top of a winged column within an upturned crescent above a scroll and flanked by two upraised hands | - |
| GDP | purchasing power parity - $5.9 billion (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - composition by sector | agriculture:
5% industry: 46% services: 49% (1996 est.) |
agriculture: NA%
industry: NA% services: 40% (1996 est.) |
| GDP - per capita | purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2000 est.) | purchasing power parity - $NA |
| GDP - real growth rate | 3% (2000 est.) | NA% |
| Geographic coordinates | 4 30 N, 114 40 E | 24 30 N, 13 00 W |
| Geography - note | close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; almost an enclave of Malaysia | the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas |
| Heliports | 3 (2000 est.) | - |
| Highways | total:
1,712 km paved: 1,284 km unpaved: 428 km (1996) |
total: 6,200 km
paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est) |
| Household income or consumption by percentage share | lowest 10%:
NA% highest 10%: NA% |
lowest 10%: NA%
highest 10%: NA% |
| Illicit drugs | drug trafficking and illegally importing controlled substances are serious offenses in Brunei and carry a mandatory death penalty | - |
| Imports | $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1999 est.) | NA (2001) |
| Imports - commodities | machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, food, chemicals | fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs |
| Imports - partners | Singapore 34%, UK 15%, Malaysia 15%, US 5% (1999) | Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts (2000) |
| Independence | 1 January 1984 (from UK) | - |
| Industrial production growth rate | 4% (1997 est.) | NA% |
| Industries | petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction | phosphate mining, handicrafts |
| Infant mortality rate | 14.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.) | total: NA%
male: NA% female: NA% |
| Inflation rate (consumer prices) | 1% (1999 est.) | NA% |
| International organization participation | APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CCC, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDB, IFRCS, IMF, IMO, Inmarsat, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTrO | none |
| Internet Service Providers (ISPs) | 2 (2000) | 1 (2000) |
| Irrigated land | 10 sq km (1993 est.) | NA sq km |
| Judicial branch | Supreme Court (chief justice and judges are sworn in by the monarch for three-year terms) | - |
| Labor force | 144,000 (1995 est.); note - includes foreign workers and military personnel
note: temporary residents make up 41% of labor force (1991) |
12,000 |
| Labor force - by occupation | government 48%, production of oil, natural gas, services, and construction 42%, agriculture, forestry, and fishing 10% (1999 est.) | animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50% |
| Land boundaries | total:
381 km border countries: Malaysia 381 km |
total: 2,046 km
border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km |
| Land use | arable land:
1% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 85% other: 12% (1993 est.) |
arable land: 0%
permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (1998 est.) |
| Languages | Malay (official), English, Chinese | Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic |
| Legal system | based on English common law; for Muslims, Islamic Shari'a law supersedes civil law in a number of areas | - |
| Legislative branch | unicameral Legislative Council or Majlis Masyuarat Megeri (a privy council that serves only in a consultative capacity; NA seats; members appointed by the monarch)
elections: last held in March 1962 note: in 1970 the Council was changed to an appointive body by decree of the monarch; an elected Legislative Council is being considered as part of constitutional reform, but elections are unlikely for several years |
- |
| Life expectancy at birth | total population:
73.82 years male: 71.45 years female: 76.31 years (2001 est.) |
total population: NA years
male: NA years female: NA years (2003 est.) |
| Literacy | definition:
age 15 and over can read and write total population: 88.2% male: 92.6% female: 83.4% (1995 est.) |
definition: NA
total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA% |
| Location | Southeastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia | Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco |
| Map references | Southeast Asia | Africa |
| Maritime claims | exclusive economic zone:
200 NM or to median line territorial sea: 12 NM |
contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue |
| Merchant marine | total:
7 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 348,476 GRT/340,635 DWT ships by type: liquefied gas 7 (2000 est.) |
- |
| Military branches | Land Forces, Navy, Air Force, Royal Brunei Police | - |
| Military expenditures - dollar figure | $343 million (FY98) | $NA |
| Military expenditures - percent of GDP | 5.1% (FY98) | NA% |
| Military manpower - availability | males age 15-49:
106,725 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - fit for military service | males age 15-49:
61,640 (2001 est.) |
- |
| Military manpower - military age | 18 years of age | - |
| Military manpower - reaching military age annually | males:
3,005 (2001 est.) |
- |
| National holiday | National Day, 23 February (1984); note - 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection | - |
| Nationality | noun:
Bruneian(s) adjective: Bruneian |
noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s)
adjective: Sahrawian, Sahraouian |
| Natural hazards | typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are very rare | hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility |
| Natural resources | petroleum, natural gas, timber | phosphates, iron ore |
| Net migration rate | 4.07 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.) | - |
| Pipelines | crude oil 135 km; petroleum products 418 km; natural gas 920 km | - |
| Political parties and leaders | Brunei Solidarity National Party or PPKB in Malay [Haji Mohd HATTA bin Haji Zainal Abidin, president]; the PPKB is the only legal political party in Brunei; it was registered in 1985, but became largely inactive after 1988, it was revived in 1995 and again in 1998; it has less than 200 registered party members; other parties include Brunei People's Party or PRB (banned in 1962) and Brunei National Democratic Party (registered in May 1965, deregistered by the Brunei Government in 1988) | - |
| Political pressure groups and leaders | NA | none |
| Population | 343,653 (July 2001 est.) | 261,794 (July 2003 est.) |
| Population below poverty line | NA% | NA% |
| Population growth rate | 2.11% (2001 est.) | NA% (2003 est.) |
| Ports and harbors | Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Muara, Seria, Tutong | Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun) |
| Radio broadcast stations | AM 3, FM 10, shortwave 0 (1998) | AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998) |
| Radios | 329,000 (1998) | - |
| Railways | total:
13 km (private line) narrow gauge: 13 km 0.610-m gauge |
0 km |
| Religions | Muslim (official) 67%, Buddhist 13%, Christian 10%, indigenous beliefs and other 10% | Muslim |
| Sex ratio | at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.14 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.92 male(s)/female total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2001 est.) |
NA (2003 est.) |
| Suffrage | none | none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed |
| Telephone system | general assessment:
service throughout country is excellent; international service good to Europe, US, and East Asia domestic: every service available international: satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (1 Indian Ocean and 1 Pacific Ocean); digital submarine cable links to Malaysia, Singapore, and Philippines (2001) |
general assessment: sparse and limited system
domestic: NA international: tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco |
| Telephones - main lines in use | 79,000 (1996) | about 2,000 (1999 est.) |
| Telephones - mobile cellular | 43,524 (1996) | 0 (1999) |
| Television broadcast stations | 2 (1997) | NA |
| Terrain | flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west | mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast |
| Total fertility rate | 2.44 children born/woman (2001 est.) | NA children born/woman (2003 est.) |
| Unemployment rate | 4.9% (1995 est.) | NA% |
| Waterways | 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 m | none |
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